Wind Correction

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  Disclaimer:  ▪︎This content is  Not an official document  and does not represent the views of Airbus or any other aviation authority. ▪︎The information provided  may be incorrect or misinterpreted   and should not be relied upon for decision-making.  ▪︎Always refer to official documents and consult with a qualified aviation professional before making any decisions based on the information provided in this blog post. ▪︎The information provided in this blog post is based on personal study and review.
  Landing Performance Calculation on a Contaminated Runway (Including GRF Format) 1. Understanding Contaminated Runway and Depth of Contaminants A contaminated runway is one where more than 25% of the surface is covered by: • Water (more than 3mm) • Slush (more than 3mm) • Snow (compacted or loose) • Ice (frozen or wet) The depth of contaminants significantly affects the landing performance, particularly in terms of: • Landing distance required (LDR) • Braking efficiency (friction coefficient) • Directional control (risk of hydroplaning/sliding) Each type of contaminant has a different effect. For example: • Standing water (>3mm) increases hydroplaning risk. • Slush (>3mm) significantly reduces braking effectiveness. • Wet ice or compacted snow provides very little friction. 2. Landing Performance Calculation on Contaminated Runways The landing distance is calculated using: • Aircraft Performance Data...
  FAA and ICAO ,JCAB circling approach protection areas The circling maneuver area for aircraft is defined by the FAA, ICAO, and Japan’s aviation regulations based on aircraft approach category.  Below is a comparison of the circling approach protection areas for each: 1. FAA (U.S. – TERPS) Circling Radii According to FAA TERPS (Terminal Instrument Procedures), the circling maneuvering area is based on approach category and a fixed radius around the runway threshold. The radii are measured from the runway thresholds, assuming a standard height of 1,000 feet AGL. Aircraft Category Circling Radius (NM) A (≤ 90 knots) 1.3 NM B (91–120 knots) 1.5 NM C (121–140 knots) 1.7 NM D (141–165 knots) 2.3 NM E (166+ knots, military only) 4.5 NM • The FAA assumes constant wind conditions and does not consider altitude in determining the radius. 2. ICAO (PANS-OPS) Circling Radii ICAO defines circling areas using a gradient-based method , meaning...

See how it flies by John S. Denker

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 ​ 'See How It Flies'는 항공 역학과 비행 원리에 대한 새로운 관점을 제공하는 온라인 교재로, 조종사와 항공에 관심 있는 독자들에게 유용한 자료입니다. ​ Your Freedom to Fly +2 Av8n +2 Falcon +2 이 책의 저자인 John S. Denker는 캘리포니아 공과대학교(Caltech)에서 학부 과정을 밟는 동안 소프트웨어 및 전자공학 분야의 선구적인 작업을 수행한 성공적인 소프트웨어 및 전자공학 회사를 설립했습니다. 또한 학부 시절에 '마이크로프로세서 설계'라는 과정을 직접 만들어 가르쳤습니다. ​ Av8n 'See How It Flies'는 비행의 지각, 절차, 원리에 대한 새로운 시각을 제공하며, 21개의 챕터와 250개 이상의 삽화를 포함하고 있습니다. ​ Av8n +1 Falcon +1 이 책은 웹사이트에서 무료로 제공되며, HTML 형식으로 작성되어 있습니다. ​ Av8n 'See How It Flies'는 비행의 다양한 측면을 깊이 있게 다루며, 조종사와 항공에 관심 있는 사람들에게 귀중한 자료를 제공합니다. ​ Your Freedom to Fly +2 Falcon +2 Av8n +2 https://www.av8n.com/how/ 출처